Excretory Products and their Elimination MCQ for NEET
The excretory system in humans is responsible for removing waste products from the body, maintaining homeostasis and ensuring the balance of water and electrolytes. The primary organ involved in excretion is the kidney, which filters blood to form urine.
Urine, composed of water, urea, salts and other waste products. Then it is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the ureters, where it is stored until it is eliminated through the urethra. The process of filtration, reabsorption and secretion in the kidneys helps in the efficient removal of nitrogenous wastes like urea and uric acid, while also conserving essential substances like glucose and amino acids.
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Excretory Products and their Elimination MCQ for NEET
“Excretory Products and their Elimination” is an important topic in the NEET syllabus, as it forms the foundation for understanding how organisms maintain homeostasis by removing waste products from the body.
This topic covers the human excretory system, including the structure and function of kidneys, the process of urine formation and the regulation of body fluids. A strong grasp of these concepts is essential for aspiring medical students, as it links directly to various physiological processes and clinical conditions related to kidney function, such as renal failure and dialysis.
Excretory Products and their Elimination MCQ for NEET
Protonephridia, nephridia and Malpighian tubules all are the structures which help in the removal of nitrogenous waste as well as concerned with osmoregulation (i.e. regulation ionic and fluid volume). These structures are found in platyhelminths, annelids and insects, respectively.
\(\bullet\) Part B is pelvis, broad funnel-shape space inner to hilum directly connected to ureter.
\(\bullet\) Part-C is cortex, outer part of kidney and does not contain loop of Henle or if present, it is highly reduced.
\(\bullet\) Part D is medulla, the inner zone of kidney and contains complete nephrons.
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FAQs
1. What are the primary excretory products in humans?
Answer. The primary excretory products in humans include urea, uric acid, creatinine, excess salts and water. Urea is the main nitrogenous waste, which is produced from the breakdown of proteins and amino acids.
2. What is the role of the kidneys in excretion?
Answer. The kidneys play an important role in filtering blood to remove waste products, excess salts and water, forming urine. They also help in maintaining the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance and regulating blood pressure.
3. How does urine formation occur in the nephron?
Answer. Urine formation occurs through three main processes:
- Glomerular Filtration: Blood is filtered in the glomerulus and water, salts, glucose and other small molecules pass into the Bowman’s capsule.
- Tubular Reabsorption: Essential substances like glucose, amino acids and some water are reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood.
- Tubular Secretion: Additional waste products like hydrogen ions, potassium ions and drugs are secreted into the tubule from the blood.
4. What is the significance of the counter-current mechanism in the kidneys?
Answer. The counter-current mechanism in the loop of Henle helps concentrate urine by allowing the reabsorption of water and salts. It ensures that the body retains necessary water and electrolytes while excreting concentrated urine.
5. What is the difference between urea and uric acid as excretory products?
Answer. Urea is the primary nitrogenous waste in humans, produced from the breakdown of amino acids. Uric acid, on the other hand, is produced from the breakdown of purines (nucleic acids). Urea is more soluble in water, while uric acid is less soluble and can form crystals, sometimes leading to gout.
6. How does the body regulate the concentration of urine?
Answer. The body regulates urine concentration through the hormone ADH (antidiuretic hormone), which increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts. When the body needs to conserve water, ADH levels increase, leading to concentrated urine. Conversely, when water intake is high, ADH levels decrease, resulting in dilute urine.
7. What is the function of the liver in excretion?
Answer. The liver is involved in the detoxification of blood, converting harmful substances like ammonia into urea, which is then excreted by the kidneys. The liver also helps in the breakdown of hemoglobin, leading to the production of bilirubin, which is excreted in bile.
8. What are the consequences of kidney failure?
Answer. Kidney failure leads to the accumulation of waste products and excess fluids in the body, resulting in conditions like uremia, electrolyte imbalance and hypertension. Chronic kidney failure may require dialysis or kidney transplantation to sustain life.
