Biotechnology Biology MCQ for NEET

Biotechnology is a branch of science that involves using living organisms or their parts to develop or create products and processes for specific purposes. It combines biology with technology to enhance various fields such as medicine, agriculture and environmental management. One key aspect of biotechnology is genetic engineering, where scientists modify the DNA of organisms to introduce new traits or eliminate undesirable ones. This has led to advancements like genetically modified crops, which are more resistant to pests and diseases and the development of insulin for diabetes treatment.

Another significant area of biotechnology is bioprocessing, which uses microorganisms to produce valuable products like antibiotics, enzymes and vaccines. Fermentation is a common bioprocessing method used in industries to produce large quantities of these substances. Biotechnology also plays an important role in environmental protection through bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to clean up pollutants and restore contaminated environments. Overall, biotechnology holds great promise in improving human health, enhancing food production and protecting the environment.

NEET 2024 Exam Important Links

NEET 2025 Exam Important Links
NEET 2025 Updated Syllabus	NEET Eligibility Criteria 2025
Biology Preparation	Chemistry NEET Preparation
NEET Preparation tips for 2025	NEET Result 2024

Biotechnology NEET MCQ

Q1. The controlled use of biological agents, such as live organisms or enzymes from organisms to produce products and processes useful to humans is called as

A) biochemistry

B) molecular biology

C) biotechnology

D) microbiology

Answer. C

Q2. The definition of biotechnology given by EFB encompasses

A) traditional biotechnology

B) modern molecular biotechnology

C) DNA fingerprinting

D) Both (a) and (b)

Answer. D

Q3. Genetic engineering techniques include

A) altering genetic material

B) sequencing genetic material

C) studying genetic material

D) None of the above

Answer. A

Explanation: (a) Genetic engineering includes techniques which alter the chemistry of genetic material (DNA and RNA) to induce the expression of genes which will give the desired products.

Q4. Autonomously replicating circular extra-chromosomal DNA is

A) vector

B) capsid

C) plasmid

D) bacteriophage

Answer. C

Q5. The first recombinant DNA was constructed by

A) Stanley Cohen

B) Herbert Boyer

C) Temin and Baltimore

D) Both (a) and (b)

Answer. D

Explanation: (d) Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer generated the first recombinant DNA molecule by linking a gene encoding antibiotic resistance with a native plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium.

Q6. The linking of antibiotic resistance gene with the plasmid vector became possible with

A) DNA ligase

B) RNA ligase

C) DNA polymerase

D) RNA polymerase

Answer. A

Explanation: (a) The linking of the anitbiotic resistance genes with the plasmid vector became possible with DNA ligase. It is the enzyme that joins two complementary nucleotides.

Q7. The first restriction endonuclease to be discovered is

A) Hind III

B) Hind II

C) Eco RI

D) Eco RII

Answer. B

Q8. The enzymes, commonly used in genetic engineering are

A) restriction endonuclease and polymerase

B) endonuclease and ligase

C) restriction endonuclease and ligase

D) ligase and polymerase

Answer. C

Explanation: (c) The enzymes, commonly used in genetic engineering are restriction endonuclease and ligase. Restriction endonuclease make cuts at specific positions within the DNA and these DNA fragments can be joined together end-to-end by using ligase enzyme.

Q9. Which of the following is a restriction endonuclease ?

CBSE-AIPMT 2015

A) Protease

B) DNase I

C) RNase

D) Hind II

Answer. D

Explanation: (d) Hind II is a restriction endonuclease. It was the first restriction endonuclease to be discovered. Restriction endonucleases are the enzymes which are used for cutting of DNA at specific location.

Q10. How many restriction enzymes are isolated till now ?

A) 920

B) 940

C) 900

D) 230

Answer. C

Enhance your preparation with Arexiq’s Mock Test Series where we provide solutions to various MCQs like we provide in this post “Biotechnology NEET MCQ”. Our expert teachers explain the concepts thoroughly, making it easy for you to understand. We offer many types of questions ensuring a clear grasp of concepts.

NEET 2024 Exam Important Links

Important NEET Biology MCQs
Biological Classification MCQ for NEET	Cell: The Unit of Life MCQs	Human Health and Disease MCQ for NEET
Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ for NEET	Plant Kingdom NEET MCQ with Answers	Animal Kingdom NEET MCQ with Answers
DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION MCQ FOR NEET BIOLOGY	Locomotion and Movement MCQ Biology for NEET	Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants NEET MCQ
The Living World NEET Biology Questions with Answers	Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants NEET MCQ	Breathing and Exchange of Gases NEET Biology MCQ with Answers
Biotechnology Biology MCQ for NEET	Body Fluids and Circulation NEET Biology MCQ with Answers	Photosynthesis in Higher Plants MCQ in NEET Biology
Structural Organization in Animals NEET Biology MCQ with Answers	Human Reproduction NEET MCQ with Answers	Molecular Basis of Inheritance Biology MCQ for NEET
CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION NEET MCQ FOR BIOLOGY	Neural Controls and Coordination Biology MCQ for NEET	Plant Growth and Development Biology MCQ for NEET
Reproductive Health NEET Questions	Evolution NEET Questions with Answers	Respiration in Plants NEET Questions with Answers
Biomolecules NEET Questions with Answers	Microbes in Human Welfare NEET Questions	Principles of Inheritance and Variation NEET Questions
Ecosystem NEET Questions and Answers	Biodiversity and Conservation NEET Questions	Excretory Products and their Elimination MCQ for NEET
Mineral Nutrition NEET Questions with Answers	Anatomy of Flowering Plants MCQ for NEET	Reproduction in Organisms MCQ for NEET

FAQs about Biotechnology

1. What is biotechnology?

Answer. Biotechnology is the use of living organisms or their parts to develop or create products and processes for specific purposes.

2. What are some applications of biotechnology?

Answer. Applications include genetic engineering, bioprocessing for producing antibiotics and vaccines and bioremediation for environmental cleanup.

3. What is genetic engineering?

Answer. Genetic engineering is a technique where scientists modify the DNA of organisms to introduce new traits or remove undesirable ones.

4. How does biotechnology benefit agriculture?

Answer. Biotechnology benefits agriculture by creating genetically modified crops that are more resistant to pests, diseases and environmental conditions.

5. What is bioremediation?

Answer. Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to clean up pollutants and restore contaminated environments.

6. How is biotechnology used in medicine?

Answer. In medicine, biotechnology is used to develop treatments like insulin for diabetes, vaccines and antibiotics.

7. What is bioprocessing?

Answer. Bioprocessing is the use of microorganisms to produce valuable products such as antibiotics, enzymes and vaccines through methods like fermentation.

8. Why is biotechnology important?

Answer. Biotechnology is important because it helps improve human health, enhances food production and protects the environment through innovative solutions.